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Methods of the PatternSyntaxException Class

A PatternSyntaxException is an unchecked exception that indicates a syntax error in a regular expression pattern. The PatternSyntaxException class provides the following methods to help you determine what went wrong:

• public String getDescription(): Retrieves the description of the error.
• public int getIndex(): Retrieves the error index.
• public String getPattern(): Retrieves the erroneous regular-expression pattern.
• public String getMessage(): Returns a multi-line string containing the description of the syntax error and its index, the erroneous regular-expression pattern, and a visual indication of the error index within the pattern.

The following source code, RegexTestHarness2, updates our test harness to check for malformed regular expressions. It intentionally introduces a syntax error, then examines the caught exception using the methods listed above. Changes are marked in bold.

import java.io.*;
import java.util.regex.*;

public final class RegexTestHarness2 {

    private static String REGEX;
    private static String INPUT;
    private static BufferedReader br;
    private static Pattern pattern;
    private static Matcher matcher;
    private static boolean found;

    public static void main(String[] argv) {
        initResources();
        processTest();
        closeResources();
    }

    private static void initResources() {
       try {
           br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("regex.txt"));
       }
       catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {
            System.out.println("Cannot locate input file! "+fnfe.getMessage());
            System.exit(0);
        }
       try {
           REGEX = br.readLine();
           INPUT = br.readLine();
       } catch (IOException ioe) {}

       try {
        pattern = Pattern.compile(REGEX);
        matcher = pattern.matcher(INPUT);
       } 
       catch(PatternSyntaxException pse) {
           System.out.println("There is a problem with the regular expression!");
           System.out.println("The pattern in question is: "+pse.getPattern());
           System.out.println("The description is: "+pse.getDescription());
           System.out.println("The message is: "+pse.getMessage());
           System.out.println("The index is: "+pse.getIndex());
           System.exit(0);
        }

        System.out.println("Current REGEX is: "+REGEX);
        System.out.println("Current INPUT is: "+INPUT);
    }

    private static void processTest() {
        while(matcher.find()) {
            System.out.println("I found the text \"" + matcher.group() +
                               "\" starting at index " + matcher.start() +
                               " and ending at index " + matcher.end() + ".");
            found = true;
        }

        if(!found){
            System.out.println("No match found.");
        }
    }

    private static void closeResources() {
       try{
           br.close();
       }catch(IOException ioe){}
    }
}

To run this test, change the file regex.txt to contain ?i)foo as its first line, and FoO as its second line. This mistake is a common scenario in which the programmer has forgetten the opening parenthesis in the embedded flag expression (?i).

OUTPUT:

There is a problem with the regular expression!
The pattern in question is: ?i)foo
The description is: Dangling meta character '?'
The message is: Dangling meta character '?' near index 0 
?i)foo
^
The index is: 0

From this output, we can see that the syntax error is a dangling metacharacter (the question mark) at index 0. A missing opening parenthesis is the culprit.

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